In 2022 the Spanish parliament recognized the legal personhood of a lagoon called the Mar Menor, thus making it the first ecosystem in Europe with its own rights. This follows similar decisions in some other countries:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights_of_nature_law
quotingThe Rights of Nature movement uses a bold tactic to preserve our habitable Earth: it seeks to extend (pseudo) personhood to things like watersheds, forests and other ecosystems, as well as nonhuman species, in hopes of creating legal "standing" to ask the courts for protection:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights_of_nature
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If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:
https://pluralistic.net/2026/04/15/artificial-lifeforms/#moral-consideration
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