This "chromosome hoarding" likely explains why these ancient plants have survived so many mass extinction events
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern_spike
https://www.nybg.org/planttalk/how-ferns-outlived-the-dinosaurs-and-why-that-matters-today/
https://bioone.org/journals/american-fern-journal/volume-116/issue-2/0002-8444-116.2.109/How-to-Survive-a-Mass-Extinction--Lessons-from-Fern/10.1640/0002-8444-116.2.109.full
https://eng.geus.dk/about/news/news-archive/2019/oct/mutant-ferns
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/07/260722032105.htm