There is currently no procedural fallback.
No one at Apple seems to have come up with any kind of plan pre-release for people who don't fit with Apple's implementation of Highly Effective Age Assurance (HEAA).
There were mixed messages on release day about whether passports would work. After many attempts, I've got my phone to take a scan of my passport and submit that; but it invariably fails to upload (see attached). (2/7)