you can certainly find texts on how it was to do science in USSR.
Your monographs or PhD theses were to cite classics of Marxism-Leninism, and if you were a "suspicious" ethnic minority, you'd have a lot of extra trouble (starting from being unable to enter the best undergrad programs - however USA isn't a stanger to this sort of discrimination: it discriminated Afro-Americans, Jews, Asians, although it often wasn't a centrally administered discrimination). Etc etc etc, I can write a lot more - on censorship, on The Party role, etc. Here is a text to give you some ideas.
See e.g. https://archive.org/details/itseemsiamjewsam0000frei